Java vs. C#

static context

Java
 
class Test
{
    int x;
    static int y;
    void F() {
        x = 1;        // Ok, same as this.x = 1
        y = 1;        // Ok, same as Test.y = 1
    }
    static void G() {
        y = 1;        // Ok, same as Test.y = 1
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test t = new Test();
        t.x = 1;    // Ok
        t.y = 1;    // Ok
        Test.y = 1;   // Ok
    }
}


class C 
{
    private static void F() {
        System.out.println("C.F");
    }
    public static class Nested 
    {
        public static void G() {
            F();
        }
    }
}
class Test 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        C.Nested.G();
    }
}


circular definition
class Test
{
    static int a = b + 1;//illegal forward reference
    static int b = a + 1;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("a = "+a+" b = "+b);
    }
}
//no compilation


static field initialization
class Test 
{ 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(B.Y + A.X);
    }
    public static int f(String s) {
        System.out.println(s);
        return 1;
    }
}
class A
{
    public static int X = Test.f("Init A");
}
class B
{
    public static int Y = Test.f("Init B");
}

prints:
   Init B
   Init A
   2


java has no static constructor
class Test 
{ 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(B.Y + A.X);
    }
    public static int f(String s) {
        System.out.println(s);
        return 1;
    }
}
class A
{
    A(){}
    public static int X = Test.f("Init A");
}
class B
{
    B(){}
	public static int Y = Test.f("Init B");
}
prints:
   Init B
   Init A
   2

C#
 
class Test
{
    int x;
    static int y;
    void F() {
        x = 1;   // Ok, same as this.x = 1
        y = 1;   // Ok, same as Test.y = 1
    }
    static void G() {
        y = 1;        // Ok, same as Test.y = 1
    }
    static void Main() {
        Test t = new Test();
        t.x = 1;  // Ok
        t.y = 1;  // Error, cannot access static member through instance
        Test.y = 1;  // Ok
    }
}


class C 
{
    private static void F() {
        Console.WriteLine("C.F");
    }
    public class Nested 
    {
        public static void G() {
            F();
        }
    }
}
class Test 
{
    static void Main() {
        C.Nested.G();
    }
}


circular definition
class Test
{
    static int a = b + 1;
    static int b = a + 1;
    static void Main() {
        Console.WriteLine("a = {0}, b = {1}", a, b);
    }
}
prints: a = 1 b = 2


static field initialization
using System;
class Test 
{ 
    static void Main() {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", B.Y, A.X);
    }
    public static int f(string s) {
        Console.WriteLine(s);
        return 1;
    }
}
class A
{
    public static int X = Test.f("Init A");
}
class B
{
    public static int Y = Test.f("Init B");
}
prints:        or
    Init A     Init B
    Init B     Init A
    1 1        1 1


use static constructor
using System;
class Test {
	static void Main() {
		Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", B.Y, A.X);
	}
	public static int f(string s) {
		Console.WriteLine(s);
		return 1;
	}
}
class A
{
	static A() {}
	public static int X = Test.f("Init A");
}
class B
{
	static B() {}
	public static int Y = Test.f("Init B");
}
the output must be:
Init B
Init A
1 1